The first, in which . The most prominent of these education reformers was Horace Mann, head of the Massachusetts board of education, the first in the nation. The ideals of the Second Great Awakening played a large role in the development of this reformist impulse. Preachers and believers all over the country saw humankind and society as good and perfectible, able to improve and strive to become more like God. )%2F13%253A_Antebellum_Revival_and_Reform%2F13.01%253A_Religious_Reforms_in_the_Antebellum_United_States, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), 13.2: Cultural Movements- Transcendentalism, Utopian Communities, and the Cult of Domesticity, Second Great Awakening in the South and in Appalachia, Catherine Locks, Sarah Mergel, Pamela Roseman, Tamara Spike & Marie Lasseter, source@https://oer.galileo.usg.edu/history-textbooks/1/, status page at https://status.libretexts.org. Moral reform groups promoted temperance, or abstinence from alcohol. The Seneca Falls Convention was an important beginning to the womens rights movement and became the basis for the organization of annual conventions to support and develop the movement in years to come. The Second Great Awakening began in the 1790s and, by the 1820s, had emerged as a major religious movement. The angel led him to a hillside near his fathers farm and revealed the Book of Mormon, etched on golden tablets. Women were sick of oppression and it was time to finally fight for equal rights; while the African Americans were to get more rights it was only right for the women to gain these rights as well. Like the preachers of the revivals, the temperance movement reformers called for individuals to lead clean lives and to redeem their sinning neighbors. In many ways, the organized womens rights movement grew out of abolitionist organizations and the movement of the early 1800s. -The Owenites originated in Britain and that practice made its way to Indiana, which makes it international in scope because it aimed to spread the ideas of this society around the world. \quad\text{Total}& \$14,000,000 &\$13,200,000\\ For example, Virginia passed legislation making it illegal to teach slaves, free blacks, or mulattoes to read or write. Each of these movements worked for freedom and emancipation and to grant a greater body of rights to two of the groups on the periphery of American society. The creation of asylums, for criminals and for the mentally ill, was society's reaction to the overcrowded and inhumane state that . \quad\text{of \$100,000 in 2012 and \$160,000 in 2013)}& 600,000 &500,000\\ This page titled 13.3: American Antebellum Reform is shared under a CC BY-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Catherine Locks, Sarah Mergel, Pamela Roseman, Tamara Spike & Marie Lasseter (GALILEO Open Learning Materials) via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. What were the differences between the common school and the institutions like asylums, orphanages, and prisons that were created by reformers? Evangelical in nature, it stressed that salvation was available to all through free will. Dix was instrumental in motivating a state role in the creation of these facilities. Abolitionism was perhaps the most radical of the reform movements of the era. (2) The bonds payable have a maturity (face) value of $4 million. Women formed a large part of the membership of the Society and the movement, and they were seen by many as the American voice of morality. Further reproduction prohibited without . Key figures in the abolitionist movement were William Lloyd Garrison, publisher of The Liberator and Frederick Douglass, who was born a slave and rose to prominence as an author, orator, and abolitionist. \quad\text{Total Investments}& \$ 5,200,000 &\$ 3,200,000\\ While not all Americans were active in the various reform movements, taken together, the reform impulse was a powerful force that characterizes the antebellum era. All over the country, African Americans joined the Baptist, Methodist, and other churches, in part as a response to the message of spiritual equality. \text{Capitalized Lease Obligation}& 1,020,000& 1,100,000\\ Nevertheless, the American Colonization Society (ACS) emerged as the main voice of colonizationists in the United States. During the 1830s and 1840s, Americans embarked on a program of institution building - jails for criminals, poorhouses for the destitute, asylums for the insane, and orphanages for children without families. The antebellum period (or era before the Civil War) was a time of social and moral reform. Although Vesey's plans failed, southerners became terrified of losing control over slaves. Male2302090Female2182448, b. By 1850, about 3.2 million slaves labored in the United States, 1.8 million of whom worked in the cotton fields. The convention ended with the issue of the Declaration of Sentiments, a document that largely paralleled the Declaration of Independence, and leveled a series of charges against the patriarchy of the United States that had been the source of the oppression of women. The Seneca Falls Convention worked to establish____. Many of the congregants were literate, including Vesey himself. In the aftermath of the rebellion, the panicky white population killed more than one hundred black men, free and slave. \text{Amortization of Patent} &&125,000\\ Revivals also created a widely known group of respected black leaders, many among them preachers associated with the movement. Antebellum Reform Americans after 1815 embraced many religios and social movements in pursuit of solutions for the problems, evils, and misfortunes of mankind. What were the major tactics of antebellum reform? 13 A House Divided - Revi, EOAC 1700 Conflict Management & Resolution, EOAC 1600 EO Complaint Process & Interview Sk, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, Anderson's Business Law and the Legal Environment, Comprehensive Volume, David Twomey, Marianne Jennings, Stephanie Greene, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine. \text{Income TaxesDeferred}&& 170,000\\ \text{Advances from Customers}& 640,000 &660,000\\ The antebellum reform movements came soon after the market revolution. In asylums they receive temporary care and attention. Reformers argued that education prepares youth for social and civic duties as adults. In later years, the Society provided the founding impetus to the Liberty Party, a political party with an abolitionist platform. Evaluate the extent to which social and intellectual reform movements during the antebellum era (1820-1860) represented an expansion of democratic ideals analyzing what changed and what stayed the same from the period before the era to the period after. In his revival meetings, which were held nightly for a week or more, Finney prayed for the conversion of sinners by name in each community and called sinners down to the anxious bench, where those who were considering conversion were prayed for and where sinners were exhorted to confess and seek forgiveness. Hudson River school of art: Americans painters also sought to achieve a sense of nationality in art. One of the defining characteristics of the Second Great Awakening was large gatherings at religious revivals. As a characteristic of the black community (free and slave) of Richmond during the period, evangelical Christianity was one part of Gabriels message of freedom. \text{Certificate of Deposit}& 225,000& \\ ), { "13.01:_Religious_Reforms_in_the_Antebellum_United_States" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13.02:_Cultural_Movements-_Transcendentalism_Utopian_Communities_and_the_Cult_of_Domesticity" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13.03:_American_Antebellum_Reform" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13.04:_Conclusion" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13.05:_Critical_Thinking_Exercises" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13.06:_Key_Terms" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13.07:_Chronology" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, { "00:_Front_Matter" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "01:_United_States_History_Before_Columbus" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "02:_The_Global_Context_-_Asia_Europe_and_Africa_in_the_Early_Modern_Era" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "03:_Initial_Contact_and_Conquest" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "04:_The_Establishment_of_English_Colonies_Before_1642_and_Their_Development_Through_the_Late_Seventeenth_Century" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "05:_English_Colonization_After_1660" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "06:_Growing_Pains_in_the_Colonies" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "07:_The_Road_to_Revolution_(1754-1775)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "08:_The_American_Revolution" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "09:_Articles_of_Confederation_and_the_Constitution" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "10:_The_Federalist_Era" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "11:_The_Early_Republic" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "12:_Jacksonian_America_(1815-1840)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13:_Antebellum_Revival_and_Reform" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "14:_Westward_Expansion" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "15:_The_Impending_Crisis_(1848-1861)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "16:_The_Civil_War" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "17:_Reconstruction" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "zz:_Back_Matter" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, 13.1: Religious Reforms in the Antebellum United States, [ "article:topic", "license:ccbysa", "showtoc:no", "authorname:locks", "Second Great Awakening", "The Confessions of Nat Turner", "Mormonism", "Evangelism", "Burned-Over District", "Unitarianism", "program:galileo", "licenseversion:40", "source@https://oer.galileo.usg.edu/history-textbooks/1/" ], https://human.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fhuman.libretexts.org%2FBookshelves%2FHistory%2FNational_History%2FBook%253A_United_States_History_to_1877_(Locks_et_al. (1) The only transaction affecting common or preferred shares during 2013 was the sale of treasury stock. However, there were limits to spiritual equality; although all were spiritually equal in the eyes of God, for many believers, African Americans and women were still inferior to white men in all other ways. 13 A House Divided - Revi, DepreciationofPlantandEquipmentandAmortization, BasicEarningsperCommonShare(Basedon1,600,000, DilutedEarningsperShare(AssumingConversionof, AccountsReceivable(NetofEstimatedUncollectibles, of$100,000in2012and$160,000in2013), LessAccumulatedDepreciationandAmortization, TotalLiabilitiesandShareholdersEquity, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine, Information Technology Project Management: Providing Measurable Organizational Value, Anderson's Business Law and the Legal Environment, Comprehensive Volume, David Twomey, Marianne Jennings, Stephanie Greene, Bible Survey- Final EXAM !!!! The sisters spoke before state legislations and were among the first women to speak in public forums before mixed sex groups. Seneca Falls Convention, 1848. Garrison was militant in his call for immediate and complete emancipation as a moral imperative. Camp meetings were a new form of religious expression for the United States. As a result, some African American congregants left the evangelical churches because of racial discrimination or because they were barred from leadership positions within the church and founded their own evangelical denominations, such as the African Methodist Episcopal (AME) church. Veseys conspiracy showed that religion could be used as a weapon against slavery. But Transcendentalism had many more participants whose interests ranged across the spectrum of antebellum reform. The region of western and central New York where Finney was most active became the site of intensive religious fervor and reform. Many Americans viewed drunkenness as a major national problem, and the battle against alcohol and the many problems associated . \textbf{Long-Term Debt}\\ Many white abolitionists, despite their antislavery sentiments, refused to hire free black laborers. Consolidated Balance Sheets Walker stood as a vocal opponent of colonization, saying that the United States belonged more to African Americans than to whites, because the black population had earned the country with their blood and tears.. With this message of spiritual equality, American Christian movements focused on the ordinary people as well as the marginalized of society for the first time. By the end of the 1830s, the Society had grown by leaps and bounds, with more than 1,300 chapters and almost 250,000 members. Like the other evangelical movements of the Second Great Awakening, they stressed adult baptism as an important step to salvation. William Miller, a Baptist convert and editor of the Advent Herald, preached that October 22, 1844 would be the date of the Second Coming, basing his predictions on Biblical prophecy. Two of the most significant reform movements to come out of the reform period of 1820-1840 were the anti-slavery movement and the women's rights movement. Sold more than 1 million copies by 1854 and it also inspired numerous stage versions. The antebellum women participated in the public sphere with their own groups that they made themselves after being excluded from government and politics. Leadership and authority within the church was the exclusive domain of white men. Garrison refused to become more moderate in his demands, and The Liberator was published continuously for the next 35 years until the end of slavery in the United States. The plot was foiled when word of the conspirators plans were leaked; Vesey and thirty-four others were hanged, and thirty-seven more were exiled from the city as a result. Although black and white abolitionists worked closely together in the movement and usually worked well together, African Americans experienced racial prejudice even within the abolitionist movement. "Neither a Slave nor a King" intervenes in the scholarly debate over the "antislavery origins" of the sectional crisis in antebellum America - how the rise of a northern antislavery movement escalated the sectional tensions that led to southern secession and the Civil War. Two of the most significant reform movements to come out of the reform period of 1820-1840 were the anti-slavery movement and the womens rights movement. The end of slavery would come about gradually under this ideal. KEY TERMS: 1. \text{Accounts Payable}& \$ 550,000 &\$ 400,000\\ In the 19th Century's Antebellum Era, Americans began several social reform movements influenced by transcendentalism and the Second Great Awakening. \text{Equity in Earnings of Affiliates:}\\ To the eyes of many reformers, the movements in abolition and womens rights had much in common; many who worked to end slavery also called for the emancipation of women. Indeed, the womens rights movement had largely grown out of the anti-slavery movement. The temperance movement stemmed in part from new social conditions such as increasing urbanization immigration. The struggle to end slavery has a long history both globally and in the United States; indeed, the struggle to end slavery emerged at roughly the same time as slavery itself. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. David Walker, an African American abolitionist, called for a unified global black voice against slavery in his Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World. The years after the War of 1812 brought a re-examination of American religious beliefs and their roles in society. The early nineteenth century was a time of great reform in the United States. White abolitionists warned him that people would cease to believe that he had ever been enslaved if he sounded too educated and advised him to leave the complex analysis to the whites. When one of the conspirators proved hesitant to rebellion, Gabriel called on his brother to speak at a meeting of the conspirators to encourage them to action: outright rebellion. Participation in the temperance movement was much more socially acceptable than participation in the abolition or womens rights movement. \text{Goodwill}& 1,125,000& 1,125,000\\ Finally, asylums were established for treatment and housing the mentally ill. Dorothea Lynde Dix was instrumental in the reform effort that established state mental asylums. Many of his followers sold their worldly goods and gathered either in churches or in fields to await the arrival of Jesus. Preferred Pace of Life To understand it fully, however, one must consider its origins. \text{Prepayments}& 200,000 &200,000\\ You should study the financial statements before responding to these questions and problems. The most significant success was that by 1860, more than a dozen states had granted women greater control over the wages they earned, and some even allowed women to sue husbands and fathers who tried to deprive them of their wages. \text{Increase in Retained Earnings}&& \$ 2,200,000\\ \text{Machinery and Equipment}& 8,000,000 &7,300,000\\ \quad\text{Total Current Assets}& \$ 2,925,000 &\$ 2,400,000\\ The Book of Mormon was published in 1830, and Smith began the formation of his church. \text{Income Taxes Payable}& 430,000 &300,000\\ Prisons existed not to rehabilitate criminals for their eventual return to society but to house them until the time that they would be punished, most often by fines, public whipping, or execution, also a public spectacle. Dubbed by historians, one of 100 or so reform communities that were established before the Civil War. These institutions differed in many aspects, but shared with communitarians and religious believers in "perfectionism.". Source for information on Antebellum Convention Movement . The rebellion was quelled by a local militia, who killed or captured many of the insurrectionists. Much of the influence for this reformist influence came from the Second Great Awakening and its call to redeem sinners, as well as its belief in the goodness of humans. REVENUESSalesGainonSaleofMachineryandEquipmentEquityinEarningsofAffiliates:ChicagoFinanceCorporationRosenwaldCompanyHutchinsonCompanyTotalRevenuesEXPENSESCostofGoodsSoldEmployeePayrollExpenseDepreciationofPlantandEquipmentandAmortizationofLeasedPropertyRightsBadDebtExpenseInterestExpenseGeneralCorporateExpensesIncomeTaxesCurrentIncomeTaxesDeferredTotalExpensesNetIncomeLess:DividendsonPreferredSharesDividendsonCommonSharesIncreaseinRetainedEarningsRetainedEarnings,December31,2012RetainedEarnings,December31,2013BasicEarningsperCommonShare(Basedon1,600,000AverageSharesOutstanding)DilutedEarningsperShare(AssumingConversionofPreferredStock)$1,800,000125,00075,000$13,920,000200,0002,000,000$16,120,000$5,000,0003,000,0001,000,000AmortizationofPatent120,000455,000420,0001,430,000170,000$11,720,000$4,400,000(120,000)(2,080,000)$2,200,0002,800,000$5,000,000$2.68$2.20125,000, Chicago Corporation Over the next two days, the insurrectionists killed some sixty white men, women, and children. \text{Total Current Liabilities}& \$ 2,430,000 &\$ 1,800,000\\ American reformers believed that their country was destined to become a great democracy. Smith described Moroni as a son of the prophet Mormon and the last of the Nephites, descendants of Hebrews who had travelled to the Americas sometime around 500 BCE. - common school and institutions were open to all children (free training for individuals). In 1816, proponents of colonization of freed slaves founded this society, which promoted the gradual abolition of slavery and the settlement of black Americans in Africa. Today, the influence of the Restoration Movement is seen in the Church of Christ and the Disciples of Christ churches. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. \textbf{Current Assets}\\ Douglass was perhaps the most famous, influential, and vocal black abolitionist. - people brought ideas from different countries, across the Atlantic, Give Me Liberty Ch. This message of freedom was most clearly expressed in its associations with slave rebellions. White abolitionists tended to see free and slave as two polar opposites; black abolitionists knew that there were varying degrees of freedom and slavery. For many slaves, the message was a promise of freedom, either in this world or in the afterlife. The African Methodist Episcopal Church where Vesey preached was destroyed. Social activists sought to end slavery and establish greater rights for women. Whiskey was a frontier staple for generations because it preserved the harvest; in 1791, a Hamiltonian attempt to tax whiskey to alleviate the national debt resulted in the Whiskey Rebellion. Slaves faced arbitrary power abuses from whites; they coped by creating family and community . Be used as a moral imperative ways, the Society provided the founding impetus to the Liberty Party, political! Sold more than 1 million copies by 1854 and it also inspired numerous stage versions men... These education reformers was Horace Mann, head of the Second Great Awakening played a role... 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to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope