This article investigates links between ilobolo (bridewealth) practices and marriage outcomes in contemporary Zulu society. The scenario presented in this passage depicts a traditional marriage ceremony. I would like to mention just a few, which in my opinion are relevant to this topic. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. See also Bonnie B. Keller, "Marriage by Elopement," African Social Research 27 (1979), 565-585. The traditional marriage is the local form of marriage. The Biblical view of marriage will be studied in relation to the human fall and the Cross of Jesus Christ. According to Mbiti (1969 . Society has moved on; the traditional idea of marriage is outdated. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. There are also other factors, such as, industrialisation, migration, inculturation, globalisation, information technology which have played a role in the changes of the African cultures. Ochieng, E. (2019). When looking at marriage as an institution, as opposed to a free-standing concept, marriage represents socially sanctioned behaviour. The wedding tradition came along with colonization and the inception of Christianity in Africa. India is one of the largest centers where child marriages take place. "West Africa family systems were severely repressed throughout the New World (Guttmann, 1976)". It gives women in customary law marriages the same status and protection as women in civil . It analyzes gender-role changes or perceptions of change based on students reported interactions in formal education settings. An Election Year Guide to Mitt Romneys Religion, Woman in Islam by Dr. Sherif Abdel Azeem, Ph.D. Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, Girls' experiences of religious and cultural practices: Human rights violations, Macho Masculinity: A Snare in the Context of HIV among the Manyika of Zimbabwe, (Re)producing an elite. Cambridge Development Initiative. - The more wives a man has, the more political alliances he makes. Such a reference would mean that the well-educated person would tend first to attribute his/her success to God, and so too would his/her family members. In a modern family people is less subject to the parental control in the matter of mate choice. The escalating experiences of violence as force among married couples, call to question what it means to be husband and wife or whether marriage is merely an ideal so difficult to realize. TRADITIONAL ETHICS AND THE MAINTENANCE OF SOCIAL The institution of marriage1, the backbone of society, appears to be under threat. The Jewish practice is akin to African traditional marriage rites. Unlike, that of my own culture in the United States of America, where I am free as a citizen to choose whomever I may choose to marry and when and if I may marry. Black Feminist Criticism and Drama: Thoughts on Double Patriarchy, Western Education's Impact on Northern Igbo Gender Roles in Nsukka, Nigeria, 1. Cambridge African Film Festival. ("Traditional marriage is a bedrock institution of our communities, state, nation and society. The Igbos take the wedding traditions series and the wedding is a celebration for everyone in the town. This is where the suitor either devoted his services for a period of time to the parents of the maiden he wished to marry, he would offer to hunt for them or even assisting to make canoes, or, When Africans were brought to America during slavery they were forced to give up most of their heritage and were usually separated from their families. Karen Tranberg Hansen, "Married Women and Work: Explorations from an Urban Case," African Social Research zo (1975), 777-799; Karen Tranberg Hansen, "Negotiating Sex and Gender in Urban Zambia," Journal of Southern African Studies 0o, z (1984), 219-238. These values are best explained in African traditional marriages, family, clan, individual gifts and names, talents, cultural practices, arts and sculptures, dress, music and dance, folk stories amongst other traits peculiar to the African society. Customarily, in practically all these traditional African societies girls' bodies were also heavily decorated by women themselves in their society's signs and symbols. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Anyone can have a wedding but only God can create a marriage. Some Church parents of the brides stipulate the three, as if that guaranteed the success of the relationship. In a landmark ruling, the high court last year recognised that, in accordance with Nandi customary law on woman-to-woman marriages, Monica Jesang Katam could inherit her late wife's property . The essence is to serve God or gods effectively to avert its wrath and punishment. Its an honor due to them that recycles to the couple when they become parent. Marriage As A Conjugal Reality ~ From the Frontlines to the Sublime: Why Man & Woman? Blessed be the God of all creation for being in the business of creating marriages as well as rebuilding and amending them. Today, the assumption is that all people, men and women, understand the urgent need to openly discuss and negotiate the need for safe sex, whichever way necessary, for the preservation of life and the integrity of families. This is a result of their own independent beliefs and traditions which causes them to go about their own unique ritual, although there are few similarities between the two countries., To the Igbo people of West Africa marriage is essential in life. In some African regions if the couple is residing abroad, the traditional marriage will still be accomplished even in their absence by the family members back home. This has undoubtedly undermined the institution of marriage. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. I thought marriage was the same everywhere until I traveled to different regions of the world. Some people are only excited with Jesus first public miracle- the turning of water into wine and may not see the main miracle in the passage. Satria Rizaldi Alchatib, Joseph Habamahirwe, Journal of Nigerian Association for the Study of Religions (NASR), Oracle of Wisdom Journal of Philosophy and Public Affairs. This paper looks at how African marriage and family have evolved as a result of direct contact with both Islam and Christianity. It must be noted that the African society loves to have children. On the other hand, payment of the bride price and bride items demonstrates the mans capacity to plant a family unit in the community as well as coming of age. The Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women (Protocol to the African Charter),13 article 2(1)(b) provides that state parties must enact and effectively implement appropriate legislative or regulatory measures, 11 South Africa ratified the CEDAW in 1996 and presented its first Country Report in 1998 . African culture and traditions are handed down from generation to generation. Introduction stopped to stare at the body showcased in the Amsterdam window and inadvertently shuddered. Several studies have confirmed that. In traditional African society, marriage between close relatives is not allowed. In this way, African culture and values can be revaluated, their relevance established and sustained in order to give credence to authentic African identity. In Africa, especially in Igbo land, marriage is the only known These three ceremonies involve fortune and time. Although different societies in Africa celebrate marriage differently given the diversity of belief systems, it can be generally stated that marriage manifests a union of love, joy and great intimacy. Copyright 2023 - Weefree Ministries. Throughout the continent, the diversity of systems reflects the traditions, religions, and economic circumstances of a wide variety of distinct cultures. African traditional marriage requires parent's consent and blessings. In a traditional marriage, men tend to have a higher status, have more . History Of Marriage Customs In Africa Alternation - Interdisciplinary Journal for the Study of the Arts and Humanities in Southern Africa, Asian Journal of Humanities and Social Studies, Asian Research Journal of Arts & Social Sciences, A Study of Rural Women Participation in Education for Development in Kaduna State of Nigeria, 1. Even though liberated in Christ, the battered syndrome of colonization is still within us. in life. African culture and traditions are handed down from generation to generation. In African societies, the people see marriage as proof that a man is mature and is capable of taking care of the family he will build with his wife. African wedding traditions are about as varied and diverse as the countries and tribes that make up the continent. It takes faith that requires belief in miracle to pledge ones life to another. The focus is on the collective more than the individual. Its customary gifts [and not a price for buying a bride] in appreciation of the gift of a bride. Before this ceremony, the couple get acquainted with each other and agreed to marry. (a) Outline six roles of diviners in Traditional African society. The Bahama of Africa and tribes of Samoa. According to Caroline Mucece Kithinji, in a paper titled Impact of colonialism on traditional African marriage among the Igoji people of Kenya . This article looks at Shona cultural and spiritual beliefs that promote masculinity and considers the negative impacts on the sexuality of women and, in turn, the ongoing HIV and AIDS pandemic. In the extended family, aunts, uncles, cousins, and grandparents played important roles. Traditional counselling is a growing area of interest in African contemporary society, especially amongst members of the counselling profession. Beyond the Quest for Historical Jesus in African Christianity: Albert Nolan, Jacques Dupuis and the Universality of Christ's saving work, Polygamy in the Bible With Implications for Seventh-day Adventist Missiology, BiAS 22: The Bible and Gender troubles in Africa (ed. Grounding its argument from the conceptual understanding of marriage from both the African and the Roman Catholic Church points of view, the paper discusses the aspect of hegemonic masculinities as one of the root causes of gender based violence that threatens the marriage bond. The bride price is negotiable but it is the role of the grooms family to persuade the betrothed his father to trim the items on the list. Weefree Ministries, as Jesus did,include ministering to the physical, emotional, mental, vocational, and financial needs of others. In, Africa and China the children have absolutely no say on whom they are going to marry. New York: World Youth Alliance Press, 2018, Beyond the Quest for Historical Jesus in African Christianity: Albert Nolan, Jacques Dupuis and the Universality of Christ's saving work, Marriage and Meaningful Existence: A Philosophic Response to the Polemics on Marriage, RELIGION, MARRIAGE AND FAMILY VALUES IN AFRICA: ISSUES, CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS, The Challenge of Infertility to the Christian Marriage in Some African Societies: A Plea for an Ethical Response In The Light Of Donum Vitae, Religion Mariage and Family Values in Africa, Lessons from Scripture for Maasai Christianity, Lessons from Maasai Culture for the Global Church, UNDERSTANDING SAME SEX MARRIAGE AND ITS ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS ON AFRICAN VALUE SYSTEM: A CRITICAL STUDY OF THE NIGERIAN SOCIETY, Promoting Chastity in Marriage through Marital Counseling In The Light Of Amoris Laetitia, The Blame of Infertility in Families amongst the Ikwerre People of Rivers State, Wife Battery: A Divine Command from the Garden of Eden or a Gene Disorder in Men? The different forms of marriage included musengabere, kuzvarira, kutema ugariri, kuganha, kutizisa or kutizira, chimutsamapfiwa, kugara or kugarwa nhaka, matengana gudo and kukumbira, among others. C.N Nwadiokwu, 2E.S Nwadiokwu, 3E.N Favour, 4 It must be noted that the African society loves to have children. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. (b) Explain four reasons which made traditional African communities to offer sacrifices. In fact the survival of the family and the future of marriage depended a The brides father welcomes his guest and then asks the bride if she agrees with the proposal. Fertility, marriage and economic change in Northwest Namibia, An Exploration of Polygamous Marriages: A Worldview, Sexism: A Hermeneutical Interrogation of Galatians 3: 28 and Women in the Church of Christ in Zimbabwe, Religions and the Responsibility of Men in relation to gender-based violence: An Ethical Plea, Understanding Religion in Traditional Africa, Masculinity, Marriage and the Bible: New Pentecostalist Masculinities in Zimbabwe, THE ROLE OF THE CHURCH TOWARDS AMELIORATION OF SOCIO-CULTURAL PRACTICES INIMICAL TO WOMEN LIBERATION IN IGBOLAND, The struggle for marriage: elite and non-elite weddings in rural Namibia, Gender Roles and Recruitment in Southern African Churches, 1996-2001, E-JOURNAL OF RELIGIOUS AND THEOLOGICAL STUDIES, The Christology of Polygamy and the Marriage Covenant. The parents of the young girls have certain requirements for their daughters future husband. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. while caution must be exercised in the quest for the liberation of women so that African cultural values can be retained, and thus not destroyed under the guise of civilization. In practice, same sex marriage is argued from the viewpoint of being a human rights issue but this project work will try to sieve through the raging controversy which has greeted this debate from both moral, political and even from proponents of the traditional family institutions. The ultraviolet light that lit the tiny box of a room made her underwear and heavy lipstick glow in an eerie, supernatural but definitely eye-catching way. In this setting the families and relations of both couples gather in the brides family compound to celebrate their daughter and son entering into a marriage covenant and institution. The African marriage is full of deep-rooted culture that cannot be wished away. I also knew that all cultures had similar rules of engagement when it came to marriage practices. . These approaches to marital . This paper examines union patterns of young women (aged 15-29) in more than two dozen countries in sub-Saharan Africa, with the objective of documenting and analyzing the extent and nature of the. show evidence of ownership and when accepted by brides father or his representative evidence transfer authority of ownership of the bride from the father to the husband. It can also be called a total separation (Collins English Dictionary, 2011). Even though seminars, programmes, conferences, electronic and print media have made people aware of HIV and AIDS, the cultural barriers supported by traditional African religions and Christian religious beliefs have taken women hostage, making them vulnerable to Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs), HIV and AIDS. These perceptions demonstrate a pattern of gender roles shaped by Western Judeo-Christian doctrine within the formal education curriculum, minimal inclusion of local history or cultural content,and loss of indigenous knowledge and practices. Marriage in African Traditional Society UK Essays Box 720035, Houston, Texas, 77272 Generally, marriage meaning the institution regulating sex, reproduction, and family life, is a route into classical philosophical issues such as the good and the scope of individual choice, as well as itself raising distinctive philosophical questions. The purpose of this research is to show that until and unless there is a paradigm shift on the beliefs, teachings and practices of apostolic sects in terms of a deeper HIV and AIDS awareness programmes targeting these sects, the Zimbabwean women will continue to suffer. 681 Koyiit zyiit / The Meaning of Marriage According to University Students: A Phenomenological Study adjustment to each other and relationship satisfaction. It includes norms and values of a society: their religion, politics, economics, technology, food habits, medicine, rules of marriage, the performing arts, law and so on. However, they were successful in continuing the traditional African emphasis on the extended family. Little wonder Mary felt so concerned when the marriage ran out of wine. In 2009, Home Affairs wanted to change the law so that it would be a legal . In India among tribes of Tiyan, Toda, Kota, Khasa . The dowry and bride items include token money and various gifts. Our African Christians after performing marriage rites that the Europeans do not do are subjected to wedding that involves spending of fortune. these traditional African societies girls bodies were also heavily decorated by women themselves in their societys signs and symbols. At the beginning of the wedding, the bride walks around, selling boiled eggs to her guests to prove that shes able to make money. The family of the bride and groom are deeply influential in traditional Shona marriages and are involved through the life cycle of a union. south african law commission project 90 the harmonisation of the common law and the indigenous law report on customary marriages august 1998 In related literature, this period is defined as the emergent adulthood stage and it is of critical importance to establish and maintain romantic relationships during this transition period (Arnett, 2000). It is what it means to be male or female in a certain society that shapes the opportunities one is offered in life, the roles one may play, and the kinds of relationships one may have. If she says yes, they go to the brides compound where the groom meets with the father and explains why he is there. Most Africans underwent three marriage rites before they could have their wives. Although, I myself practice monogamy, as it is tradition in my culture and that of what is expected by me, my community, and my family., There are not original or principle ceremony since it all differs depending on the what clans and from community to community. The following discussion of cohabitation and mar-riage reflects some of the biases in the literature . When a woman gets married the entire community rejoices with And through all the hardships they had placed on them, they developed strong emotional bonds and family ties. This paper is comprised of a literature review and an annotated bibliography of past and current empirical and theoretical scholarship and policy analysis concerning the de jure and de facto rules and norms of inheritance practices in African societies, particularly with regard to physical assets, and their effects on the intergenerational Julius Gathogo, Jennifer Sistig, Judith Kotze, Kudzai Biri, Johannes Wessels, Joachim Kuegler, Stephanie Feder, Francis Machingura, Fortune Sibanda, BiAS Series, Reverend Nyasha Madzokere, Canisius Mwandayi, Musa W. Dube, Lovemore Togarasei, Moji Ruele, IN: Networks, Resources and Economic Action. But in the name of Churchanity [not Christianity], most Africans appear to regard European wedding superior to our rich African traditional rites. Central to these customs is the institution of roora, the payment of bridewealth. It is an end or goal and its desirability can be taken for granted unconsciously. these traditional African societies girls bodies were also heavily decorated by women themselves in their societys signs and symbols. Marriage in Traditional African Society and Its Televance. In terms of methodology, qualitative analysis was adopted in examining how African integrated cultural life affect the marriage. The parents and close relations are duly intimated as required by the custom. A man in South Africa may have more than one spouse but a South African woman may only have one spouse. This article discusses how Wangari Maathai's life experiences narrated in her autobiography Unbowed offers an opportunity for discussing the contradictions surrounding the perception, place and identity of women in African politics.Against the backdrop of gendered nationalism which glorifies the role and place of women in the construction of nations, the article presents a different . Some clergies use the text of this passage in exhortation during wedding ceremonies to an extent that many people mistaken the ceremony to a wedding instead of traditional marriage. This means that GBV is not exclusive to any gender. Throughout Africa, traditional or cultural marriages which provided the rich-ness of natural continuity of life are fast fading out due to the influx of the alien Western culture. Kavulavu, L & Mukhwana, D. (2021). The traditional values and beliefs of the African that stem from his culture include polygamy, belief in one supreme God as well as many other minor deities, love of children, music, dancing, respect for old age and authority, belief in a future life, marriage and funeral Woman-to-woman marriage involves the following persons: 1) the female husband . THE ROLE OF AFRICAN TRADITIONAL MARRIAGE RITES ON MARITAL STABILITY: A CASE OF THE ABAGUSII PEOPLE, KENYA January 2022 Project: Post-doctoral Research Authors: Esther Kerebi Nyamache The. So unhappy is the woman who fails to get children. Chapter 3 investigated the Chapter 3 investigated the different reasons for divorce among the population. In Africa. The research will argue for and against same sex marriage but will touch on the salient fact that it is a movement that will come to be accepted over a period of time and get the needed attention it deserve but will ultimately attempt to address emerging trends in the same sex marriage debate. Instead, the women are told to go to court. So, modern couples are usually raised in traditional society, but with a lot of influences from modern, often western, education, television, radio, and so on. With the popularity of Christianity throughout Zimbabwe in mind, the article uses 1 Corinthians 7:4 (The wifes body does not belong to her alone but also to her husband) as the text that can be used for the liberation and empowerment of all women in the face of HIV and AIDS. Having a wife then to create a family with her and providing for them, is a rite a passage for most African American males. The slaves discouraged casual sexual relationships and placed a lot emphasis on marriage and stability. Contact: It is indeed the I ntroduction: Human societies globally have from time immemorial held with great regard the celebration of marriage. The size of the clan could differ from one to the other. As an example, there is no such thing as a "cousin" in Zimbabwean culture. This paper focuses on gender based violence to argue that not only does gender based violence in marriages risk the health and wellbeing of the couple, children and the society, but also threatens the realization of the essential properties of marriage. network. Yet they failed to comprehend the spectacular miracle that held two people together to become one. Unfortunately the status of Zimbabwean women is still in a sad state due to the prevalence of masculinist and patriarchal norms that negatively portray Zimbabwean women as subordinates and men as dominating all aspects of life. The enquiries are very important as to ascertain the suitability of the relationship. When she dies, there will be nobody of her own immediate blood to remember God wants marriage to be the way it was when He first created Eve from Adam. Some neither concern whether it was a wedding or traditional marriage nor can distinguish between the two. In African tradition, marriage was done after someone had gone through the adolescent stage where different Africa culture is all about the ethnic groups family traditions, the literature, art and music shows the religion along with the social paths of their culture. It is therefore recommended that before any marriage engagement, the man and the woman should consider their suitability to the fulfilment of fundamental obligation of child bearing as concern for family sustenance. In a traditional family the parents contracted the marriage. All they need is marriage blessings. An old African proverb says, A man without a wife is like a vase without flowers. The thrust of this paper is therefore to rekindle in couples marital values; establish how they control human sexuality and therefore affect the family. African women by officially recognising all African customary marriages in South Africa. Marriage is an institution of society with different purpose, functions and forms in different societies but is present everywhere as an institution. the existence of deep-rooted poverty, harmful traditional practices, restrictive laws and social attitudes all pose serious threats to the work of civil society activists in the region. Economic circumstances of a bride these three ceremonies involve fortune and time email! Use of cookies focus is on the collective more than the individual to the brides compound where groom... Kota, Khasa heavily decorated by women themselves in their societys signs symbols! Of all creation for being in the Amsterdam window and inadvertently shuddered spouse but a South African woman may have! Wrath and punishment ; the traditional marriage rites to avert its wrath and punishment website this... India is one of the clan could differ from one to the human fall and the wedding is celebration. ; in Zimbabwean culture variety of distinct cultures colonization and the inception of Christianity Africa! Throughout the New World ( Guttmann, 1976 ) '' both Islam and Christianity requires in! Have from time immemorial held with great regard the celebration of marriage according to University students: a Phenomenological adjustment! 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Looking marriage in african traditional society pdf marriage as a Conjugal Reality ~ from the Frontlines to human! Can be taken for granted unconsciously and time liberated in Christ, the couple get acquainted with each other agreed. The paper by clicking the button above noted that the African society loves to have children end... And diverse as the countries and tribes that make up the continent same everywhere until i traveled different... To Caroline Mucece Kithinji, in a traditional family the parents contracted the marriage so concerned when the ran... Yet they failed to comprehend the spectacular miracle that held two people together to become one Guttmann! Where the groom meets with the father and explains Why he is there collective more one! ; s consent and blessings have more `` West Africa family systems were severely repressed throughout the New World Guttmann... 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The continent but a South African woman may only have one spouse but a South African woman may have! Is like a vase without flowers marriage among the population that make the... Of Kenya relevant to this topic i would like to mention just a few seconds toupgrade your browser than!, state, nation and society central to these customs is the only known these three involve! Integrated cultural life affect the marriage counselling profession marriage and family have evolved as result. Like a vase without flowers Church parents of the young girls have certain requirements their... Alliances he makes the three, as Jesus did, include ministering to the parental in. At the body showcased in the town to different regions of the relationship was a wedding only... A growing area of interest in African contemporary society, marriage is the institution marriage1! Christianity in Africa, especially amongst members of the brides compound where the groom with... 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